A Complete Guide to Fishing for Trout

The first fish I ever caught was a trout, and I'm certain that many veteran anglers would say the same. Trout are a great target species for many reasons. For one, they are available in all 50 states, in both wild and stocked populations. Also, the gear and experience necessary to get started is minimal. Trout put up a solid fight, are apt to bite nearly year round, and taste delicious.

Admittedly, there are actually hundreds of kinds of trout. Some of the most common are: Rainbow trout, Brown trout, Cutthroat trout, and Brook trout (not actually a trout). From these, there are hundreds of cross-bred species and sub-species, some particular to single rivers or streams. For the sake of simplicity, I'll be using the term "trout" fairly loosely, as much of the same information pertains to all species.

While you won't need to shell out the small fortune many anglers pay, you will need some basic gear when fishing for trout. When I outfitted new anglers at the fishing shop, I advised them to expect to pay around $150 for a quality set of all required fishing gear, not including license. It may seem like a lot of money to go fishing, but believe me, quality gear makes all the difference. A fishing trip with cheap or defective fishing gear is going to ruin the experience, and likely catch fewer fish.

All of my gear suggestions are simply that, suggestions. They will provide the best trout fishing experience, but if you find a great deal on a slightly heavier rod, or slightly smaller real, feel free to fudge my suggested numbers a little.

• Rod: 6 - 7' Medium-Light Weight, Medium to Fast Action
• Reel: Spinning Reel, 4 Ball Bearing minimum, 100 yds 6lb test minimum
• Line: 4 or 6 lb Monofilament, enough to fill the reel spool (Often the team at a sporting goods store can spool your reel for you, and if you are buying a new rod and reel from them, ask if they'll throw in a spool's worth of line for free. It'll usually work.)

Those are the basics. As far as brands go, everyone has their favorites. You can't go wrong with Shimano reels. For a more in depth look at beginning trout set ups, check out my guide on Trout Fishing Gear to Get You Started.

Next you'll need some basic tackle. For bait fishing you'll need:

• Egg Sinkers: 1/4 oz
• Split Shot: Size 6 - 8
• Swivels: Size 10, barrel or snap
• Leader Line: 4 lb Monofiliment
• Hooks: Size 10 single egg
• Hooks: Size 6 baitholder
• Bobber or Float: 1" round, or comparable foam float
• Bait: Powerbait, worms, salmon eggs etc. For more information, check out my guide on Top 5 Best Trout Baits.

So that's all for bait fishing gear. If you plan on using lures you'll want a variety of choices. Some favorites are:

• In-line Spinners
• Rapalas
• Flatfish
• Spoons
• Wedding Rings

For a complete run-down of my favorite top producing trout fishing lures, check out my Top 5 Best Trout Lures.

Finally, some last little things that you'll need:

• Fishing License
• A copy of your local fishing regulations
• A tackle box or tray to organize your gear
• A net for landing fish (helpful but not necessary)
• Polarized Sunglasses (Reduce glare allowing you to see fish underwater)

If I felt so inspired, I could carry on this section for an entire book, and maybe someday I will, but for now, I'll try to keep it concise. I'll summarize trout fishing techniques in three categories: Bait fishing, Lure fishing, and Trolling.

Bait Fishing

Bait fishing refers to static fishing. You present the trout with a bait, either live, dead, or artificial, and wait for a strike. If you know where the fish are, it can be very productive. If not, you may not get a nibble all day.

Bait fishing for trout can further be simplified into two more sub categories: Floating baits and sinking baits. In general, all natural baits sink. Moreover, assume all baits sink unless it is specifically labeled as floating bait (only artificial baits generally). If your bait sinks, suspend it under the surface using a float or bobber. See Sinking Bait Trout Rig. If the bait you choose to use floats, suspend it over the bottom. See Floating Bait Trout Rig. The type of bait and presentation you choose to use is vary much subject to the conditions. A general rule is: Use sinking baits near the surface during the early morning and evening, and floating baits deep during mid day.

Lure Fishing

Lure fishing involves casting a trout lure out into a stream or lake and reeling it back in. Different lures exhibit different behavior in the water, meaning it is good to have a variety to target fish in their various moods. Lure fishing is effective for covering a large amount of water in a small amount of time. It is also more active that bait fishing, and personally, more fun. Most lures are heavy enough that you do not need any additional weight. Simply tie one one, cast, retrieve, and repeat until you have a fish. Since each lure behaves differently in the water, experiment with retrieval speeds until you find the sweet spot for the lure, you'll know it when you see it.

Trolling

The third and final technique of trout fishing is trolling. Trolling is a bit of a compromise between bait fishing and lure fishing. Trolling involves casting a lure behind a boat, and then pulling the lure through the water with the boat, either with a motor or by paddling. Trolling is often done with electric motors, but canoe and kayak trolling can be especially effective as well. Once the lures are in the water, just drive/paddle around the lake until you get a bite. A word of caution: Trolling Strikes often hit hard, so either use a rod holder or make sure the rod is in your immediate possession! When fishing on a new lake, trolling is often the best method to locate where on the lake the fish might be holding.

So you have your gear, and you know what you're doing, but where will you go? Well, the resources here are limitless. If you happen to live in Washington State, just ask, and I'll give you some personal suggestions. If not, your two best resources are your local fishing store and your state's Fish and Wildlife department. As far as the local fishing store goes, the guys know where the fish are but the amount of insider information they are willing to give is likely directly proportional to the amount of gear you are buying, at least until they know you. So grab a few lures and then ask questions. As for the Fish and Wildlife Department, they are generally a fair bet year round. Other options include asking around at work if you know any fishermen, or Googleing fishing forums for your state.

Fortunately, as mentioned before, trout thrive in every state in the country, so chances are you have a lake not to far from where you live that has a decent trout population.

First off, make sure the lake you plan on fishing is in season. Most states have a general fishing season. That being said, most states also have fisheries that are open in the off season, and fisheries that are open year round. To check the season for the lake you plan on fishing, either call your state's Fish and Wildlife office, or read your state's fishing regulations. If the lake you were planning on fishing is currently out of season, inquire about local lakes that are in season. Fortunately, there are many year-round trout fisheries across the country.

So that sums up the time of year to fish, but what about time of day? In general, Morning and Evening are best, although trout can be caught all day long. Additionally, often Midweek is better than weekend, as the lower angler presence will have fewer of the trout spooked, and a spooked trout rarely bites.

Ok, so this is where I get to list off all those little things that will help give you an edge on the lake!

• Talk to the Locals: if you are polite, respect their space, and come across as genuinely interested, another angler will almost always lend advice. Even better, compliment their catch and pad their ego a bit, fisherman are a proud breed, and if you make them feel good about themselves, they will likely help out.
• Go Often: Reading this will get you started, but is no replacement for actual experience
• Learn Your Knots: A few good ones will do, just don't tie crappy knots, you'll lose fish and lose motivation
• Sharp Hooks: Sharp hooks keep fish on the line
• Know the Regulations: Nothing puts a damper on a fishing trip more than a ticket.
• Fresh Bait: If you choose to use bait, the fresher the better
• Use Scent Liberally: and then add a little more.
• Keep Your Line in the Water: Time spent re-baiting, untangling a knot, or worse yet, making phone calls and texting, is time you aren't fishing. Make the most of the time you have and keep your line in the water.
• Buy Good Gear: Fishing gear really isn't something you want to go bottom-end on. You don't need top of the line, but be willing to spend a little.
• Don't be Fooled by Ridiculous New Product: There are a lot of gimmicky fishing products, don't bother with them, they don't work. When I worked at the fishing shop we would always say, "Lure companies don't build lures to catch the fish, they build lures to catch the eye of fisherman!" don't fall for the gimmicks, it's a waste of time and money.
• Read More: When you can't be fishing, read up: books, articles, magazines, reports etc. You never know where you'll pick up a new tip.
• Take a Friend Fishing: Not only will you have someone to bounce new ideas off, but another rod in the water increase your chances of catching fish.
• Adapt: If what you're doing isn't working, switch it up. Don't drown worms for 4 hours straight if you aren't getting bites, try something new!
• Ask Questions! Feel free to leave comments or questions in the comments box, or click the 'Contact the Author' link at the top of the page. I promise I will get back to you. And if you have a successful trip, I'd love to hear about it!